Lithium Ion batteries have entered our lives and homes very quickly in the last few years. They power smart phones, laptop computers, power tools, bikes, scooters and electric cars. These batteries are rechargeable and are able to offer higher energy efficiency and higher energy output than their predecessor, the lead acid battery. Although they offer improved performance, they have a chance of becoming a hazard that I don’t think the general public is aware of or prepared for.

Overcharging, physical damage, improper handling and overheating may cause Lithium Ion Batteries to enter “thermal runaway.” This is a phenomenon in which the Lithium Ion Battery begins creating more heat than it can dissipate. The heat causes more chemical reaction within the device which leads to even more heat…which leads to more reaction. This loop continues until the battery violently releases the heat and gases leading to explosive rapid burning. In a matter of a few seconds the battery will go from warm and smoking to pressure driven explosive flames. There is little time to react. Temperatures can almost instantly surpass 500 degrees Fahrenheit. Smoke and gases released at this point are severely toxic and energy driven which would almost instantly fill a small room with smoke and flames.

Lithium ion battery fires also burn much longer and hotter than most common fuel sources. They are “self oxidating” which means they are able to sustain powerful combustion without the dependance on external oxygen as they generate their own. They can’t be “snuffed out.” Traditional fire extinguishers will not be effective and most concerning of all….applying water to these fires may actually make them worse.

Wild right?

For these reasons we at the Williamsport Bureau of Fire would like to offer safety tips concerning these devices.

Never charge a lithium ion battery device next to heat source. (radiator, stove, fireplace) Do not charge devices in extreme temperatures or in direct sunlight.

Do not attempt to charge a device where there is evidence of physical damage, penetrations, openings or a battery that appears “swollen.”

Do not overcharge the device and ensure the device is plugged directly into a wall outlet and NOT a surge protector. Only use the charging equipment that is designed for your device.

Charging should only occur with an adult is present and awake. More than one device should not be charged at one time.

Do not store or charge these devices in hallways, stairwells, common spaces, bedrooms or 10 feet from an exit door or rescue opening that would be utilized to escape.

I would strongly urge businesses to not allow employees to keep them in office spaces. They should never be kept inside daycares, schools, educational facilities or student housing.

If possible, charge lithium ion battery powered micromobility devices outside. Phones and computers should not be charged while on a bed or couch, especially while you are sleeping. Blankets, pillows and other fabrics can cover the device, prevent heat dissipation and easily cause the device to overheat and enter thermal runaway causing a fire.

If purchasing a new device off the internet on popular sites like Amazon or Temu, ensure that the device is “UL listed.” This indicates that the product has been third party tested and meets safety standards.

If you notice changes in shape or color, strange odor, leaking or sounds coming from the battery discontinue use, move the device outside and call 911.

Do not throw these batteries or devices in the trash. They should be taken to the Lycoming County Landfill or other approved sites. Make direct person to person contact to deliver the battery and inform them of what it is.

Stone Washington is a research fellow with the Competitive Enterprise Institute.